BRICS, composed of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, is a powerful group of emerging economies with significant global influence in areas such as population, resources, technology, energy, and more. Here’s an overview of the key sectors:

1. Population

The BRICS nations have a combined population of approximately 3.2 billion people, accounting for around 40% of the world's total population. India and China, the two largest countries by population, make up a major portion, with India recently surpassing China as the most populous country.

2. Resources and Commodities

The BRICS countries are rich in natural resources:

  • Brazil: A major exporter of iron ore, soybeans, oil, and agricultural products.
  • Russia: Dominates in natural gas, oil, and metals and is one of the world's largest energy exporters.
  • India: A significant producer of iron ore, coal, and agricultural goods.
  • China: Leads in the production of rare earth metals, coal, and industrial products.
  • South Africa: Holds large reserves of gold, diamonds, platinum, and coal.

3. Environment and Technology

BRICS nations face challenges in reducing emissions and achieving sustainable development. China, for example, is the largest emitter of greenhouse gases but also leads in green technologies such as solar power and electric vehicles. Both India and Brazil face similar challenges, balancing rapid urbanization with environmental concerns. In terms of technology, China and India have advanced in fields like artificial intelligence, space exploration, and telecommunications, with China leading in 5G deployment and India making strides with its space program.

4. Energy Production

Energy sources vary widely among BRICS countries:

  • Russia is a major oil and gas producer.
  • China is a top producer of coal but is also investing heavily in solar and wind power.
  • Brazil is strong in biofuels and hydropower.
  • India is expanding its solar energy capacity.
  • South Africa relies heavily on coal but is exploring renewable energy options.

5. Research and Space Exploration

China and India have prominent space programs:

  • China has launched manned missions, built its space station, and successfully landed on the moon and Mars.
  • India has accomplished successful moon and Mars missions and continues to expand its space capabilities.
  • Brazil has a smaller but active space program focused on satellite technology.

6. Gold and Rare Earth Metals

  • South Africa is one of the world's largest producers of gold and platinum.
  • Russia and China also have substantial gold production, with China being the leading global producer of rare earth metals, essential for modern technology like smartphones and electric vehicles.

BRICS Expansion (2024)

BRICS is set to expand on January 1, 2024, adding Saudi Arabia, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Argentina. This expansion will significantly boost BRICS' global influence, especially in energy and commodities, as Saudi Arabia, Iran, and the UAE are major oil producers. The expansion also increases BRICS' global population representation, nearing half of the world’s population, and strengthens Africa’s presence within the bloc through Ethiopia and Egypt​


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Global South

The term "Global South" refers to developing countries, mainly in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Oceania. These nations often share a colonial past and face economic and social inequalities. In global discussions, the Global South emphasizes the need for fair representation in international organizations and trade, with BRICS acting as a key group advocating for these interests. BRICS serves as a platform for countries in the Global South to challenge the dominance of the Global North in economics and politics, promoting cooperation and more equitable global governance​

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